Fifty years ago, bilingualism was strongly discouraged. Existing literature contained negative connotations because scholars described bilingualism from a monolinguistic perspective. Bilinguals were viewed as a deviation from the norm, and in certain regions, bilingual children were punished if they were caught speaking minoritized languages at school (Romaine, 1989).
In a revolutionary study in the early sixties, Peal and Lambert introduced an idea that would help to change the general attitude toward bilingualism. They “drew attention to the fact that sampling methods had been lacking in accuracy and had created biases against bilingual children” (Döpke, 1992, pg. 4). They also maintained that bilinguals achieve greater intellectual capabilities. This claim led to additional research, and soon linguists were asserting that it is just as easy to learn two languages as it is to learn one, (Penfield & Roberts, 1959), and that bilinguals have an increased capability for divergent thinking and greater metalinguistic awareness.
This pendulum swing inspired further study. Continuing research led to the creation of a variety of different approaches to bilingual education. Over the past twenty years, many methods have been developed, and there have been very few reports of any negative repercussions due to bilingualism (Döpke, 1992). In fact, a well-established history of research maintains that multilingualism provides many advantages. Speaking more than one language has been shown to generate cognitive, academic, social, and cultural benefits (Garcia, 1985; Hakuta & Diaz, 1985; Krashen, 1996; McQuillan & Tse, 1995; Peal & Lambert, 1962). Bilingualism facilitates third language acquisition (Sanz, 2000), and developing skills in multiple languages provides personal gains and eventually leads to the betterment of society as a whole (Cho, 2000).
Bilingual immersion is a crucial component of the Unión curriculum and there are several advantages to this type of language exposure. Research shows that bilingual immersion programs:
- Promote cross-cultural understanding
- Preserve a native language while helping students acquire a second language
- Enhance divergent thinking and metalinguistic awareness
- Increase academic achievement in all areas
(Genesee, Paradis, & Crago, 2004)
It is our hope that we can help children achieve the benefits of bilingualism through the Unión two-way immersion program.